The article exposes crucial questions of the sphere of inter-ethnic relations in the Astrakhan region (Russia’s southern outpost in the Caspian Sea area) – region of immediate interaction of many ethnic groups, as well as cultures. The aspect of inter-confessional relations is analyzed through the prism of the processes of transformation of the historically emerged environment of inter-ethnic interaction. The character of the ethno-demographic processes prognosticates that in the future the ethnic «landscape» of the Astrakhan region will be changing toward ever more «mosaic» nature.