The Round table, whose proceedings are expounded in this issue, was held in October 2010 as an event organized jointly by the “Fundamental Problems of Political Science” permanent academic seminar of the Polis journal and by a seminar of the Department of social philosophy, Institute of Philosophy, RAS. Participants in the discussions: V.G. Fedotova, head of the Department of social philosophy, Institute of Philosophy, RAS, I.K.Pantin, Political director of the Polis journal, and other researchers of the Institute of Philosophy. Among the problems that were discussed, the distinguished one was the problem of ‘what social order will supersede socialism and capitalism, and what its main features will be.