A study of a Japanese diplomat Ide Keiji is an analytical paper that investigates negotiations between the Soviet Union/Russia and China to resolve the border problems, since the beginning of the twentieth century till the conclusion of negotiations in 2004. The author also envisages the situation in the short and medium term future. In the framework of current international developments, many territorial and border issues have extensively aggravated. The manner in which the two superpowers – USSR/Russia and China – resolved these issues and came to a compromise, can provide the international community with essential indications and lessons.