The article presents an attempt to develop a relevant model of investigation, and of elaborating a typology, of political culture, with concrete political actors as example: the power groups and the opposition in Russia. The proposed typological model is composed on the basis of the conception of political culture formulated by the Russian political scientists N.Biryukov and V.Sergeyev. The present article substantiates the topicality of the binary system of political culture, that has been formed in the course of the discussion between the “Europeans” and the “Eurasians”.