Russian public policy in the digital age: trends, scenarios and regulatory practices

Kochetkov A.P.,

Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, apkoch@mail.ru

elibrary_id: 571360 | ORCID: 0000-0003-4609-0526 | RESEARCHER_ID: А-5972-2017

Mamychev A.Yu.,

Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, mamychev@yandex.ru

elibrary_id: 37714 | ORCID: 000-0003-1325-7967 | RESEARCHER_ID: Q-5694-2019

Article received: 2022.05.23. Accepted: 2022.09.30

DOI: 10.17976/jpps/2023.01.08
EDN: ZNQLRB

Rubric: Russia today

For citation:

Kochetkov A.P., Mamychev A.Yu. Russian public policy in the digital age: trends, scenarios and regulatory practices. – Polis. Political Studies. 2023. No. 1. P. 96-113. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2023.01.08. EDN: ZNQLRB

The study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation and the Expert Institute for Social Research, No. FZUG-2022-014.

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to consider trends and scenarios of public policy in the digital age, as well as key regulatory practices applied in the digital space. The authors set themselves three main research tasks. Firstly, to identify and discuss the actual trends of digital transformation of politics, to which the authors refer the “updated” service model of politics, the doctrine of platform solutions, represented by two directions – digital corporatism and digital etatism. Secondly, to summarize the existing state legal experience and identify typical scenarios of state policy in the field of normalization of digital transformation processes and the nature of power management activities. In this part of the work, the authors also systematize approaches to the doctrinal, legal, regulatory and ethical regulation of the processes of digitalization of socio-political life, identifying five main types of regulatory policies that are used today in domestic politics or in the international arena. It is noted that in each specific case, within the framework of a particular political and legal organization of the society, a mixed version can be used, combining various regulatory practices to solve state tasks. Thirdly, the final part of the study examines strategic priorities, problems and prospects for the development of Russian state policy in the field of digital transformation of society. In the context of Russian political dynamics, the authors identify risks, threats and the main directions for improving the national legal policy of the state in the digital age. The necessity of developing specific mechanisms for the protection of human rights, freedoms and legitimate interests in the digital environment, as well as the consolidation of fundamental and special (special) legal regimes regulating the national digital space, is substantiated as the key directions of the development of state policy.

Keywords

state, power relations, artificial intelligence, politics, digital elite, digitalization, digital domination, digital platforms, etatism.

Full Text

References

Clough, P. (2018). The affective turn: political economy, biomedia and bodies. Theory, Culture and Society, 25(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276407085156

Flanagan, M., & Nissenbaum, H. (2004). Values at play in digital games. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Jobin, A., Ienca, M., & Vayena, E. (2019). The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines. Nature Machine Intelligence, 1, 389-399. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-019-0088-2

O’Neil, C. (2016). Weapons of math destruction: how big data increases inequality and threatens democracy. New York: Crown Publishing Group.

Pasguaie, F. (2007). Technology, competition, and values. Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology, 8. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1002463

Schwab, K., & Mallere, T. (2022). COVID-19: the great reboot. Geneva: World Economic Forum Publishing House.

Vladeck, D.C. (2014). Machines without principals: liability rules and artificial intelligence. Washington Law Review, 89(1), 117-150. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Machines-without-Principals%3ALiability-Rules-and-Vladeck/99822bae5c2e0ea3a4c6a7e8d34de306778261e5

Berardi, F. (2019). The soul at work: from alienation to autonomy. (Russ. ed.: Berardi, F. Dusha za rabotoi. Ot otchuzhdeniya k avtonomii. Moscow: Gryundrisse).

Braidotti, R. (2021). The posthuman. (Russ. ed.: Braidotti, R. Postchelovek. Moscow: Gaidar Institute Press).

Chamayou, G. (2020). A theory of the drone. (Russ. ed.: Chamayou, G. Teoriya drona. Moscow: Ad Marginem Press).

Fukuyama, F. (2007). State-building: governance and world order in the 21st century. (Russ. ed.: Fukuyama, F. Sil’noe gosudarstvo: upravlenie i mirovoi poryadok v XXI veke. Moscow: AST).

Hongrui, Zhao (2020). Cyberspace and sovereignty. Introduction to cybersecurity legislation. (Russ. ed.: Hongrui, Zhao. Kiberprostranstvo i suverenitet. Vvedenie v zakonodatel’stvo o kiberbezopasnosti. Moscow; Saint Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya).

Huntintgon, S.P. (2004). Political order in changing societies. (Russ. ed.: Huntintgon, S.P. Politicheskii poryadok v menyayushchikhsya obshchestvakh. Moscow: Progress-Traditsiya).

Khabrieva, T.Ya., & Chernogor, N.N. (2018). The law in the conditions of digital reality. Journal of Russian Law, 1, 85-102. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.12737/art_2018_1_7

Kochetkov, A.P. (2020a). The role of digital government in improving the effectiveness of interaction between government and civil society in modern Russia. PolitBook, 2, 6-23. (In Russ.)

Kochetkov, A.P. (2020b). Transnational elites and civil society: aspects of interaction. Moscow University Bulletin. Series 12. Political Science, 1, 19-30. (In Russ.)

Kochetkov, A.P. (2022). Formation of the digital elite as a new stratum of the global information society. Science Journal of Volgograd State University. History. Area Studies. International Relations, 27(1), 198-212. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.1.17

Kochetkov, A.P., Mamychev, A.Yu., & Mordovtsev, A.Yu. (2022). “Digital transit” of public-power relations: general and elite characteristics. Pacific Rim: Economics, Politics, Law, 24(1), 109-134. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24866/1813-3274/2022-1/109-134

Mal’tsev, G.V. (2011). Sotsial’nye osnovaniya prava [Social foundations of law]. Moscow: Norma. (In Russ.)

Mamychev, A.Yu., & Miroshnichenko, O.I (2019). Modeling the future of law: problems and contradictions of legal policy in the sphere of normative regulation of artificial intelligence and robotic technologies. Pravovaya politika i pravovaya zhizn’, 2, 125-133. (In Russ.)

Mamychev, A.Yu., & Petruk, G.V. (2020). How to reflect digital transformations of the society and the lasting pandemic: giving a look the latest forum. The Territory of New Opportunities. The Herald of Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, 12(4), 9-17. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24866/VVSU/2073-3984/2020-4/009-017

Pasquale, F. (2022). New laws of robotics: defending human expertise in the age of AI. (Russ. ed.: Pasquale, F. Novye zakony robototekhniki: apologiya chelovecheskikh znanii v epokhu iskusstvennogo intellekta. Moscow: Delo RANEPA).

Pentland, A. (2018). Social physics: how social networks can make us smarter. (Russ. ed.: Pentland, A. Sotsial’naya fizika. Kak rasprostranyayutsya khoroshie idei: uroki novoi nauki. Moscow: AST).

Perzanowski, A., & Schultz, J. (2019). The end of ownership: personal property in the digital economy (Russ. ed.: Perzanowski, A., & Schultz, J. Konets vladeniya: lichnaya sobstvennost’ v tsifrovoi ekonomike. Moscow: Delo RANEPA).

Smorgunov, L.V. (Ed.) (2022). Politicheskaya ontologiya tsifrovizatsii i gosudarstvennaya upravlyaemost’ [Political ontology of digitalization and state manageability]. Moscow: Aspect Press. (In Russ.)

Smorgunov, L.V. (2021). Tri strategii politiki tsifrovizatsii: gosudarstvennoe upravlenie i transformatsionnyi potentsial tsifrovykh tekhnologii [Three digitalization policy strategies: public administration and the transformational potential of digital technologies]. In O.V. Gaman-Golutvina, A.I. Solov’ev, & A.I. Shcherbinin (Ed.), Mozaichnoe pole mirovoi i rossiiskoi publichnoi politiki. Politicheskaya nauka: Ezhegodnik 2020–2021 [Mosaic field of world and Russian public policy. Political science: yearbook 2020-2021] (pp. 9-33). Moscow, Tomsk: Tomsk State University Press. (In Russ.)

Srnicek, N. (2019). Platform capitalism. (Russ. ed.: Srnicek, N. Kapitalizm platform. Moscow: The Higher School of Economics Publishing House).

Standing, G. (2020). The precariat: the new dangerous class. (Russ. ed.: Standing, G. Prekariat: novyi opasnyi klass. Moscow: Ad Marginem Press).

Volodenkov, S.V., & Artamonova, Yu.D. (2020). Information capsules as a structural component of contemporary political internet communication. Tomsk State University Journal of Philosophy, Sociology and Political Science, 53, 188-196. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17223/1998863X/53/20

Zuboff, Sh. (2022). The age of surveillance capitalism: the fight for a human future at the new frontier of power. (Russ. ed.: Zuboff, Sh. Epokha nadzornogo kapitalizma. Bitva za chelovecheskoe budushchee na novykh rubezhakh vlasti. Moscow: Gaidar Institute Press).

Content No. 1, 2023