The name of Arthur Moeller van den Bruk is nowadays known only in the relatively narrow circles of his ideological heirs — right-radically minded intellectuals — or, else, to researchers of politics and culture of the 20th century Germany. Meanwhile the work of this man of letters in many respects determined the make-up of the German nationalism of the 1920s and early 1930s, and his book entitled “The Third Reich” had a reputation for being the manifesto of the “conservative revolution” declared by him, too. This article retraces the evolution of Moeller’s views thus reconstructing a course of evolution typical for representatives of his generation — from cultural pessimism to political radicalism. In the course of this reconstruction, the author’s attention is attracted mainly by Moeller’s’s passion, far from fortuitous, for Dostoyevsky’s inner world — passion that received peculiarly transformed interpretation in the ideology of the German “revolutionary conservatism”.