Proceeding from the materials of the Anthology: “Russia’s Political Thought. From the Sources to February, 1917”,- the author of the article reflects on the ways of the development of the Russian political thought, grasping it through the prism of the perception by it of the principal lessons of the 20th century history, first of all of the whole European experience of revolutions, as well as on particular features of the national political discourse. Considerable attention is given to analysis of significance of the October revolution, to history and reasons of failures of Russian liberalism, to the opposition of the “Westernizers” and the “Slavophiles”, to the fates of the theories of notable thinkers of Russia.