The article discloses the principal contradiction of the October revolution which had to be solving, by proletarian revolution and by proletarian methods, bourgeois socio-economic and political problems it inherited from the past. This contradiction left its imprint both on the ways of realizing social changes and on the subsequent socio-political development of Russia/USSR. The policy of “war communism” turned out to have left deep traces in minds. It predetermined formation of moral qualities and modes of actions of a whole generation of bolshevists, which made for establishment of the anti-leninist political line of I.V.Stalin.