"Quantum-like" Theory of Decision Making in Political Science

Alekseyeva T.A.,

Prof., Head of Political Theory Department, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University), MFA of Russia. Moscow, Russia, ataleks@mail.ru

elibrary_id: 1361 |

Mineev A.P.,

Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Associate Professor, Political Theory Department, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University), MFA of Russia, mineev@list.ru

elibrary_id: 655573 |

Loshkariov I.D.,

Cand. Sci. (Polit. Sci.), Lecturer, Political Theory Department, MGIMO University, kixlo@rambler.ru

elibrary_id: 639886 |

DOI: 10.17976/jpps/2017.04.03

Rubric: Theme of the Issue: Old Trends and New Meanings of Politics

For citation:

Alekseyeva T.A., Mineev A.P., Loshkariov I.D. "Quantum-like" Theory of Decision Making in Political Science. – Polis. Political Studies. 2017. No. 4. P. 22-32. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2017.04.03

Abstract

In modern political science (not only in Russia, but abroad as well) scholars are more constantly facing the question of the scientific picture of the world. It is particularly relevant under conditions of the tireless attempts to introduce natural-science methods into social sciences, to transform knowledge about socio-political processes into “positive knowledge.” The article covers a new and promising direction in the decision-making theory (a sub-discipline of political science), the so-called “quantum” approach. The authors turn to this approach in order to demonstrate the heuristic potential of the “quantum-like” theory of decision-making and to push forward the discussion about the scientific picture of the world in political science as a whole. The article deals with two types of decision-making models, which are the “quantum brain” model and the “quantum consciousness” model. Categories and basic conceptual solutions of those models were proposed, in particular, by A.Yu. Khrennikov, V.I. Yukalov, J.R. Busemeyer. Despite the great opportunities that these models provide researchers with, there are a number of limitations that are also characteristic of other decision-making theories. Moreover, the authors conclude that it is necessary to depart from binary logic in the given models and to start a more frank discussion over the issues of political and socio-psychological ontology. This applies in part to the use of open quantum systems as one of the categories in the “quantum-like” theory of decision-making. The authors note that the “quantum-like” theory of decision making has great theoretical and heuristic potential, and is probably an important element in the emerging scientific picture of the world in political science.

Keywords

quantum approach; “quantum brain”; “quantum conscience”; scientific picture of the world; decision-making theory.

Full Text

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Content No. 4, 2017

В современной политической науке (не только в России, но и за рубежом) все более четко формулируется вопрос о научной картине мира, о том, какие общетеоретические принципы заложены в исследованиях политического. Особенную актуальность этому процессу придают неустанные попытки внедрить естественнонаучные методы в социальные науки, превратить знание об общественно-политических процессах в “позитивное знание”. Статья посвящена новому и перспективному направлению в теории принятия решений, субдисциплине политической науки – так наз. квантовому подходу. Авторы обращаются к данному подходу с целью продемонстрировать эвристический потенциал “квантовых” теорий принятия решений и подтолкнуть дискуссию о научной картине мира в политической науке в целом. В статье разбирается два типа моделей принятия решения – модели “квантового мозга” и модели “квантового сознания”. Рассматриваются категориальный аппарат и основные концептуальные решения, предложенные, в частности, А.Ю. Хренниковым, В.И. Юкаловым, Дж. Бьюсмейером. Несмотря на большие возможности, которые предоставляют исследователям эти модели, существует и ряд ограничений, характерные и для других теорий принятия решений. Более того, авторы приходят к выводу, что необходим отход от бинарной логики в применяемых моделях и более откровенное обсуждение вопросов политической и социально-психологической онтологии. Это отчасти касается и использования открытых квантовых систем в качестве одной из категорий “квантовой” теории принятия решений. Авторы отмечают, что “квантовая” теория принятия решений имеет большой теоретический и эвристический потенциал, а также, вероятно, является важным элементом в формирующейся “неклассической” картине мира в политической науке.

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