The article presents an essay of investigating the electoral behaviour of rural and urban strata of Russian society at the beginning of the 20th century. On the basis of structural analysis of the data relative to the electors — participants of the Voronezh provincial and city election meetings, the author works out his conclusions as to which particular socio-economic and socio-cultural features determined political preferences of the electors, and which factors influenced their electoral motivation. In the course of the research, formal-quantitative methods of information processing were used.