The work presents the results of an empirical investigation realized through an expert poll on the ideological and political structure of modern Russia’s parties spectrum on the eve of the 2007 parliamentary elections. The authors have elaborated a matrix of analyzing a parties spectrum for seven principal problem dimensions, including the socio-economic, religious, foreign-policy ones et al. The results of the research reveal multi-dimensional characteristics of the Russian political space, allow to estimate political prospects of the opposition parties, to disclose the most essential changes in the ideological and political structure of the inter-party competition.