Influence of Cultural Context on Formation of Science Policy (French Experience)

Influence of Cultural Context on Formation of Science Policy (French Experience)


Romanova M.D.,

Lecturer, Doctoral Student, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University), MFA Russia, marine.romanoff@gmail.com



DOI: 10.17976/jpps/2015.05.10

For citation:

Romanova M.D. Influence of Cultural Context on Formation of Science Policy (French Experience). – Polis. Political Studies. 2015. No. 5. https://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2015.05.10



Abstract

The article examines the science policy as an element of national public policy. The author gives the definition of the term “science policy” and analyzes all the stages of formation of science policy in France. Based on the concept of the Neal, Smith and McCormick, based on the fact that the development of science policy is related to the beginning of the space era and the launch of the first satellite by USSR, the author analyzes in detail the formation of science policy in France after WW II. A special role in this formation played the activity of Pierre Mendès-France, and Charles de Gaulle in the 1950s. The author also investigates the background of the French science policy and begins with the analysis of the establishment in the 16th century of the Collège de France. The author attempts to identify the national specifics of research activities in France and its impact on the actual science policy. The existence of axiological pluralism in science suggests that scientific communities in different countries are influenced by their national cultures, which consist of different sets of values. To make a structure of the model for research culture in France, the author uses the description model of national cultures composed by D. Oyzerman for describing culture as a set of three interrelated sets of factors. The first group includes religious and philosophical beliefs, historical context and linguistic tradition. The second involves social institutions associated with the legal and economic systems of society, as well as education and upbringing. The third one is internalized by the individual part of the culture, which includes cultural norms and values. Guided by the proposed model, the author examines the scientific culture in France in terms of three dimensions: linguo-cultural, institutional, and axiological. This approach allows to cover fully all the most important factors affecting the national peculiarities of French research school, and demonstrate inconsistency of the positivist interpretation of scientific knowledge as based on universality and supra-national nature.

Keywords
France; scientific community; science policy; sociology of science; scientific culture; research culture; characteristic of French science.


Content No. 5, 2015

See also:


Talagayeva D.A.,
Norway: the state science policy. – Polis. Political Studies. 2014. No1

Yeremenko G.O., Kokarev K.P.,
eLibrary.ru and Russian Science Citation Index in the information infrastructure of russian science: conversation with Gennadiy Yeremenko, Director General, eLibrary.ru. – Polis. Political Studies. 2014. No1

Konnov V.I.,
Science Policy Programs: a Paradigm-Based Analysis. – Polis. Political Studies. 2020. No1

Alekseyeva T.A.,
Strategic culture: evolution of the concept. – Polis. Political Studies. 2012. No5

Raynkhardt R.O., Panov A.N.,
Interpretations of “diplomacy for science” by Russian scholars and diplomats. – Polis. Political Studies. 2022. No2

 

   

Introducing an article



Polis. Political Studies
6 2018


Nikitin A.I.
Modern World Order, Its Crisis and Prospects

 The article text 
 

Archive

   2024      2023      2022      2021   
   2020      2019      2018      2017      2016   
   2015      2014      2013      2012      2011   
   2010      2009      2008      2007      2006   
   2005      2004      2003      2002      2001   
   2000      1999      1998      1997      1996   
   1995      1994      1993      1992      1991