Here is part II of the Round table discussing problems of Russian modernization (part I see ‘Polis’, 2013, № 2). During this second (and final) part of the Round table such questions were raised by the participants, as: regional differences in Russia’s development and in Russia’s modernization potential; favorable cultural preconditions, and, vice versa, barriers, for an innovatory break-through; other countries’ experience and the possibilities of its application in our country’s practice, etc.